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Biliary colic is the term used to describe a type of pain related to the gallbladder that occurs when a gallstone transiently obstructs the cystic duct and the gallbladder contracts. Cholelithiasis refers to the presence of gallstones and cholecystitis to the inflammation associated with irritation of the viscera secondary to obstruction of the cystic duct by gallstones. Pathophysiologically, gallstone formation occurs from the precipitation of crystals that aggregate to form macroscopic stones. The most common form is cholesterol gallstones. Other forms include calcium, bilirubin, pigment and mixed gallstones.〔 ==Signs and symptoms== Pain is the most common presenting symptom. It is usually described as sharp right upper quadrant pain that radiates to the right shoulder, or less commonly, retrosternal.〔 〕 Nausea and vomiting can be associated with biliary colic. Individuals may also present with pain that is induced following a fatty meal and the symptom of indigestion. The pain often lasts longer than 30 minutes, up to a few hours.〔 Patients usually have normal vital signs with biliary colic whereas patients with cholecystitis are usually febrile and more ill appearing. Lab studies that should be ordered include a complete blood count, liver function tests and lipase. In biliary colic lab findings are usually within normal limits. Alanine aminotransferase and aspartate transaminase are usually suggestive of liver disease whereas elevation of bilirubin and alkaline phosphatase suggests common bile duct obstruction.〔 〕 Pancreatitis should be considered if the lipase value is elevated; gallstone disease is the major cause of pancreatitis. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「biliary colic」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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